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T/CPASE MT 012—2021 桥门式起重机金属结构裂纹损伤 压电阻抗监测方法 Piezoelectric impedance method fo r monitoring crack damage to metal structure of bridge and gantry cranes 2021-06-17 发布 2021-09-01 实施 ᇏݓหᇕഡСνಆაࢫି՜߶ࣉ 发 布 全国团体标准信息平台 T/CPASE MT 012—2021 I 目 次 前言 ······························································ ······························································ III 1 范 围 ······························································ ···························································· 1 2 规范性引用文件 ······························································ ············································ 1 3 术语和定义 ······························································ ··················································· 1 4 监测原理及方法 ······························································ ············································ 3 5 监测仪器 ······························································ ······················································ 3 6 监测条件 ······························································ ······················································ 4 7 监测程序 ······························································ ······················································ 5 8 监测结果评价 ······························································· ··············································· 6 9 监测记录和报告 ······························································ ············································ 7 10 异常情况处理 ······························································ ·············································· 7 附录 A（资料性） 桥门式起重机裂纹损伤压电阻抗监测记录和报告 ·········································· 9 附录 B（资料性） 监测仪器与监测对象的连接方法 ····························································· 13 附录 C（资料性） 典型桥门式起重机监测参考点 ······························································ ·· 14 编制说明 ······························································ ························································ 17 全国团体标准信息平台 全国团体标准信息平台 T/CPASE MT 012—2021 III 前 言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1 —2020 《标准化工作导则 第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》 的规定起草。 本文件由广东省特种设备检测研究院珠海检测院提出。 本文件由中国特种设备安全与节能促进会归口。 本文件起草单位：广东省特种设备检测研究院珠海检测院、珠海市安粤科技有限公司、大连 理工大学、甘肃省特种设备检验检测研究院、国家起重运输机械质量监督检验中心、大连理工江 苏研究院有限公司，珠海国际货柜码头（高栏）有限公司。 本文件主要起草人：李继承、苏宇航、戚政武、陈胜来、莫礼军、杨宁祥、梁敏健、林晓明、 罗伟立、刘莎、林莉、唐卫国、刘建国、林海、曾世龙、滕启斯、蔡福海、林顺德。 本文件为首次发布。 全国团体标准信息平台 全国团体标准信息平台 T/CPASE MT 012—2021 1 桥门式起重机金属结构裂纹损伤压电阻抗监测方法 1 范围 本文件规定了桥门式起重机金属结构裂纹损伤压电阻抗监测的监测原理及方法、监测仪器、 监测条件、监测程序、结果评价、监测记录和报告、异常情况处理。 本文件适用于在一般环境中工作的桥门式起重机，不适用于易燃易爆、可燃性气体、粉尘及 有腐蚀性气体、核辐射、有毒气体环境中使用的桥门式起重机。 其他类型起重机械金属结构裂纹损伤的压电阻抗监测可以参照本文件执行。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引 用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修 改单）适用于本文件。 GB/T 6067.1 —2010 起重机械安全规程 第1部分：总则 TSG Q5001 —2009 起重机械使用管理规则 TSG Q7015 —2016 起重机械定期检验规则 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 裂纹长度 crack length 从参考平面到裂纹尖端的主平面尺寸的线性测量。 注：单位为毫米（ mm）。引自 GB/T 10623 —2008 金属材料力学性能试验术语 2.3。 3.2 裂纹扩展量 crack extension 裂纹长度的增加量。 注：单位为毫米（ mm）。引自 GB/T 10623 —2008 金属材料力学性能试验术语 2.1。 3.3 压电效应 piezoelectric effect 对某些电介质施加机械力而引起它们内部正负电荷中心相对位移，产生极化，从而导致介质 两端表面内出现符号相反的束缚电荷的现象。在一定应力范围内，机械力与电荷有线性可逆关系， 这种现象称为压电效应或正压电效应。反之，如果将具有压电效应的介质置于外电场中，由于电场的作用会引起介质内部正负电荷中心位移，而这一位移又导致介质发生形变。在一定电场强度 范围内，电场强度与形变有线性可逆关系，这种效应称为逆压电效应。 注：引自 GB/T 3389.1 —1996 铁电压电陶瓷词汇 4.12。 全国团体标准信息平台 T/CPASE MT 012—2021 2 3.4 机械阻抗 mechanical impedance 机械系统中在某一给定点和自由度的力与速度的复数比。 注：引自 GB/T 2298 —2010 机械振动、冲击与状态监测词汇 2.48。 3.5 电阻抗 electrical impedance 压电传感器两端加载电压与通过电流的复数比。 3.6 耦合电阻抗 coupled electrical impedance 将压电传感器通过表面粘贴方式与起重机金属结构形成刚性连接，在压电传感器受约束条件 下测量到的电阻抗信号。 3.7 电阻抗谱 electrical impedance spectrum 压电传感器电阻抗模值、实部、虚部与检测频率的关系图。 3.8 电阻抗峰值频率 peak frequency of electrical impedance 压电传感器电阻抗谱中峰值或谷值对应的检测频率。 3.9 基准信号 standard signal 在整个监测期限内，空载试验条件下初次测量得到的压电传感器电阻抗信号。 3.10 参比信号 reference signal